初中英語(yǔ)（家教資料）

日常交際用語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)表

(DailyExpressionsinCommunication)

1.問(wèn)候Greetings

a.Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.

Hello/Hi.

Howareyou?

b.Fine,thankyou.Andyou?

Verywell,thankyou.

2.介紹Introductions

a.ThisisMr/Miss/Mrs....

b.Howdoyoudo?

Nice/Gladtosee/meetyou.

c.Mynameis...I’mastudent/workeretc.(here).

3.告別Farewells

a.Ithinkit’stimeforustoleavenow.

b.Goodbye!(Bye-bye!Bye!)

Seeyoulater/tomorrow.(Seeyou.)

Goodnight.

4.打電話(huà)Makingtelephonecalls

a.Hello!MayIspeakto...?

b.Holdon,please.

He/Sheisn’thererightnow.

CanItakeamessageforyou?

c.I’mcallingtotell/askyou....

d.Goodbye.

5.感謝和應(yīng)答Thanksandresponses

a.Thankyou(verymuch).

Thanksalot.

Manythanks.

Thanksfor....

b.Notatall.

That’sallright.

You’rewelcome.

6.祝愿、祝賀和應(yīng)答Wishes,congratulationsandresponses

a.Goodluck!

Bestwishestoyou.

Haveanice/goodtime.

Congratulations!

b.Thankyou.

c.HappyNewYear!

MerryChristmas!

Happybirthdaytoyou.

d.Thesametoyou.

7.意愿Intentions

I’mgoingto....

Iwill....

I’dliketo....

Iwant/hopeto....

8.道歉和應(yīng)答Apologiesandresponses

a.I’msorry.(Sorry.)

I’msorryfor/about....

Excuseme.

b.That’sallright.

Itdoesn’tmatter.

That’snothing.

9.遺憾和同情Regretsandsympathy

Whatapity!

Imsorrytohear....

10.邀請(qǐng)和應(yīng)答Invitationsandresponses

a.Willyoucometo...?

Wouldyouliketo...?

b.Yes,I’dloveto....

Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou.

c.I’dloveto,but....

11.提供(幫助等)和應(yīng)答Offersandresponses

a.CanIhelpyou?

WhatcanIdoforyou?

Here,takethis/my....

Letme...foryou.

Wouldyoulikesome...?

b.Thanks.Thatwouldbenice/fine.

Thankyouforyourhelp.

Yes,please.

c.No,thanks/thankyou.

That’sverykindofyou,but....

12.請(qǐng)求允許和應(yīng)答Askingforpermissionandresponses

a.MayI...?

Can/CouldI...?

b.Yes/Certainly.

Yes,doplease.

Ofcourse(youmay).

That’sOK/allright.

c.I’msorry,but....

You’dbetternot.

13.表示同意和不同意Expressingagreementanddisagreement

a.Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.

Yes,please.

Yes,Ithinkso.

That’strue.

Allright/OK.

That’sagoodidea.

Iagree(withyou).

b.No,Idon’tthinkso.

I’mafraidnot.

Ireallycan’tagreewithyou.

14.表示肯定和不肯定Expressingcertaintyanduncertainty

a.I’msure.

I’msure(that)....

b.I’mnotsure.

I’mnotsurewhether/if....

c.Maybe/Perhaps.

24.喜好和厭惡Likesanddislikes

a.Ilike/love...(verymuch).

Ilike/loveto....

b.Idon’tlike(to)....

Ihate(to)....

16.談?wù)撎鞖釺alkingabouttheweather

a.What’stheweatherliketoday?

How’stheweatherin...?

b.It’sfine/cloudy/windy/rainy,etc.

It’sratherwarm/cold/hot/etc.today,isn’tit?

17.購(gòu)物Shopping

a.WhatcanIdoforyou?

May/CanIhelpyou?

b.Iwant/I’dlike....

Howmuchisit?

That’stoomuch/expensive,I’mafraid.

That’sfine.I’lltakeit.

Letmehave...kilo/box,etc.

c.Howmany/muchdoyouwant?

Whatcolour/size/kind/doyouwant?

d.Doyouhaveanyotherkind/size/colour,ect.?

18.問(wèn)路和應(yīng)答Askingthewayandresponses

a.Excuseme.Where’sthemen’s/ladies’room?

Excuseme,canyoutellmethewayto...?

HowcanIgetto...?Idon’tknowtheway.

b.Godownthisstreet.

Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing.

It’sabout...metresfromhere.

19.問(wèn)時(shí)間或日期和應(yīng)答Askingthetimeordateandresponses

a.Whatdayis(it)today?

What’sthedatetoday?

Whattimeisit?

What’sthetime,please?

b.It’sMonday/Tuesday,etc.

It’sJanuary10th.

It’sfiveo’clock/halfpastfive/aquartertofive/fivethirty,etc.

It’stimefor....

20.請(qǐng)求Requests

a.Can/Couldyou...forme?

Will/Wouldyouplease...?

MayIhave...?

b.Pleasegive/passme....

Pleasewait(here/amoment).

Pleasewait(for)yourturn.

Pleasestandinline/lineup.

Pleasehurry.

21.勸告和建議Adviceandsuggestions

a.You’dbetter....

Youshould....

Youneed(to)....

b.Shallwe...?

Let’s....

What/Howabout...?

22.禁止和警告Prohibitionandwarnings

a.Youcan’t/mustn’t....

Ifyou...,you’ll....

b.Takecare!

Becareful!

23.表示感情Expressingcertainemotions

a.喜悅Pleasure,joy

I’mglad/pleased/happyto....

That’snice.

That’swonderful/great.

b.焦慮Anxiety

What’swrong?

What’sthematter(withyou)?

I’m/He’s/She’sworried.Oh,whatshallI/wedo?

c.驚奇Surprise

Really?

Oh,dear!

Isthatso?

15.就餐Takingmeals

a.Whatwouldyouliketohave?

Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?

b.I’dlike....

Wouldyoulikesomemore...?

Helpyourselftosome....

c.Thankyou.I’vehadenough./Justalittle,please.

25.約會(huì)Makingappointments

a.Areyoufreethisafternoon/evening?

Howabouttomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening?

Shallwemeetat4:30at...?

b.Yes,that’sallright.

Yes,I’llbefreethen.

c.No,Iwon’tbefreethen.ButI’llbefree....

d.Allright.Seeyouthen.

26.傳遞信息Passingonamessage

a.Willyoupleasegivethisnote/messageto...?

b....askedmetogiveyouthisnote.

c.Thanksforthemessage.

27.看病Seeingthedoctor

a.There’ssomethingwrongwith....

I’vegotacough.

Ifeelterrible(bad).

Idon’tfeelwell.

I’vegotapainhere.

Thisplacehurts.

b.Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.

It’snothingserious.

You’llbeallright/wellsoon.

28.求助Callingforhelp

a.Help!

b.What’sthematter?

29.處理交際中的障礙Languagedifficulties

Pardon.

Pleasesaythatagain/moreslowly.

Whatdoyoumeanby...?

I’msorryIcan’tfollowyou.

I’msorryIknowonlyalittleEnglish.

30.常見(jiàn)的標(biāo)志和說(shuō)明Somecommonsignsandinstructions

BUSINESSHOURSFRAGILE

OFFICEHOURSTHISSIDEUP

OPENMENU

CLOSEDNOSMOKING

PULLNOPARKING

PUSHNOPHOTOS

ONDANGER!

OFFPLAY

ENTRANCESTOP

EXITPAUSE

INSTRUCTIONS

初中英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法基本知識(shí)講解

1，合成法

合成法至今保持著旺盛的生命力，在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中不少新詞都是借助原有的詞合成的。

1)名詞+名詞→名詞

basket(籃子)+ball(球)　　　　→basketball籃球

book (書(shū)) +shop(商店 ) → bookshop書(shū)店

house(房子) +work(勞動(dòng)) → housework家務(wù)勞動(dòng)

2)形容詞+名詞→名詞

black(黑色的)+board( 木 板) →blackboard黑板

English(英國(guó)的)+man(人) →Englishman英國(guó)人

loud(大聲的)+speaker(說(shuō)話(huà)者) →loudspeaker揚(yáng)聲器

3)介詞+名詞→名詞(或形容詞)

after(在后)+noon(正午) →afternoon下午

under(在下面)+ground(地面) → underground地下的

4)名詞+過(guò)去分詞→形容詞

man(人)+made(做) → man-made人造的

5)名詞(形容詞)+名詞+ed→形容詞

glass(玻璃)+topped(頂部的) →glass-topped玻璃罩著的

kind(善良的)+hearted(心) →kind-hearted好心的

6)副詞+名詞→介詞

in(里面)+side(邊) →inside在內(nèi)

down(在下)+stairs(樓梯) →downstairs在樓下

2、派生法

派生法是通過(guò)在詞根上加后綴或前綴構(gòu)成新詞。它不僅擴(kuò)充了英語(yǔ)詞匯，而且豐富了語(yǔ)言的表現(xiàn)力。

后綴(后綴多數(shù)改變?cè)~性而不改變?cè)~義)：

1)動(dòng)詞或形容詞+er/or →名詞

write v.寫(xiě) →writer n.作者

travel v. 旅 行 →traveller n.旅 客

foreign adj.外國(guó)的 →foreigner n.外國(guó)人

invent v.發(fā)明 →inventor n.發(fā)明家

visit v. 參觀 → vistor n.參觀者

2)動(dòng)詞 +(t)ion → 名詞

invent v.發(fā)明 →invention n.發(fā)明

operate v.做手術(shù) →operation n.手術(shù)

3)動(dòng)詞+ing/ed → 名詞或形容詞

build v. 建筑 →building n.建筑物

interest v.使感興

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