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狀語從句知識點總結之時間狀語從句
■引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞
引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞很多,如較基本的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等:
Things were different when I was a child. 我小時候情況與現在不同。
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我們要趁熱打鐵。
It’s a long time since I met you last. 從上次見到你,已有很長時間了。
He waited until she was about to leave. 他等著一直到她準備離開。
除以上基本的引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞外,還有些本來不是從屬連詞卻可用作從屬連詞的詞:
(1) 表示“一…就”的從屬連詞:the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如:
Immediately he came I told him the news. 他一來我就把消息告訴了他。
The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope. 我一看到他就知道沒希望了。
We had no sooner set out than it began to rain. 我們剛出發就下雨了。
Once he arrives, we can start. 他一來我們就可以開始。
(2) 涉及time的幾個從屬連詞:every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(隨時),the last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。如:
Every time I see her I’ll think of it. 每次我看到她,我就想起這事。
He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他講話,他都感到緊張。
He didn’t tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次見到他時他沒告訴我。
■與時間狀語從句有關的時態問題
關于這個問題有兩點值得注意:
(1) 當主句為將來時態或具有將來意義時,時間狀語從句通常要用一般現在時表示將來意義,而不能直接使用將來時態:
Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前關燈。
I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一來我就告訴他。
(2) 與since 從句搭配的主句的時態通常是現在完成時態:
He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以來,他就一直住在這兒。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次見到你之后你到哪里去了?
【注】在特定的語言環境中有時也可能用過去完成時或一般現在時:
It seems like years since we last met. 我們似乎幾年未見面了。
Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告訴我自星期二以來他一直未吃任何東西。
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